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Country name:
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Conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia
Conventional short form: Australia
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Government type:
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Democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British monarch as sovereign
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Capital:
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Canberra
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Administrative divisions:
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6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
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Dependent areas:
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Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
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Independence:
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1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
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National holiday:
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Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
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Constitution:
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9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
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Legal system:
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Based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal and compulsory
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Flag:
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Blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia’s internal and external territories; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars
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Judicial branch:
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High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)
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